<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">package bytes;

$bytes::hint_bits = 0x00000008;

sub import {
    $^H |= $bytes::hint_bits;
}

sub unimport {
    $^H &amp;= ~$bytes::hint_bits;
}

sub AUTOLOAD {
    require "bytes_heavy.pl";
    goto &amp;$AUTOLOAD;
}

sub length ($);

1;
__END__

=head1 NAME

bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use bytes;
    no bytes;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

WARNING: The implementation of Unicode support in Perl is incomplete.
See L&lt;perlunicode&gt; for the exact details.

The C&lt;use bytes&gt; pragma disables character semantics for the rest of the
lexical scope in which it appears.  C&lt;no bytes&gt; can be used to reverse
the effect of C&lt;use bytes&gt; within the current lexical scope.

Perl normally assumes character semantics in the presence of character
data (i.e. data that has come from a source that has been marked as
being of a particular character encoding). When C&lt;use bytes&gt; is in
effect, the encoding is temporarily ignored, and each string is treated
as a series of bytes. 

As an example, when Perl sees C&lt;$x = chr(400)&gt;, it encodes the character
in UTF8 and stores it in $x. Then it is marked as character data, so,
for instance, C&lt;length $x&gt; returns C&lt;1&gt;. However, in the scope of the
C&lt;bytes&gt; pragma, $x is treated as a series of bytes - the bytes that make
up the UTF8 encoding - and C&lt;length $x&gt; returns C&lt;2&gt;:

    $x = chr(400);
    print "Length is ", length $x, "\n";     # "Length is 1"
    printf "Contents are %vd\n", $x;         # "Contents are 400"
    { 
        use bytes;
        print "Length is ", length $x, "\n"; # "Length is 2"
        printf "Contents are %vd\n", $x;     # "Contents are 198.144"
    }

For more on the implications and differences between character
semantics and byte semantics, see L&lt;perlunicode&gt;.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L&lt;perlunicode&gt;, L&lt;utf8&gt;

=cut
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